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‘Alī Ḥaydar Pāshā
‘Alī Ḥaydar Pāshā ibn Jābir (; (アラビア語:علي حيدر باشا), ''‘Alī Ḥaydar Bāshā''; April 1866 – 12 May 1935) was an Ottoman politician who served as Emir and Grand Sharif of Mecca from 1916 to 1917 during the Arab Revolt and the First World War.
==Life in Istanbul to 1914==
‘Alī Ḥaydar, the son of Sharif ‘Alī Jābir Pāshā, was born in April 1866 in a ''yalı'' belonging to his grandfather, Sharif ‘Abd al-Muttalib, formerly Emir of Mecca, in the Kanlıca district of Istanbul (Constantinople). He was a member of the Dhawu Zayd, a clan of the Banu Qatada. In 1879 ‘Abd al-Muttalib was appointed Emir of Mecca for the third time and ‘Alī Ḥaydar was sent as a hostage to Istanbul, where he eventually settled in the Çamlıca Hill district. In 1887 he was made a member of the Council of State with the rank of ''bala''.
‘Alī Ḥaydar's second wife was an Irishwoman, Isobel Duncan, who converted to Islam and took the name Fatima. She bore him three children, and their eldest son was educated in Britain. Ḥaydar was widely considered an anglophile before the war; he was also a pan-Islamist with close ties to Indian Muslims. In 1908, he was passed over for the Emirate and it was instead given to Ḥusayn ibn ‘Alī, who was older but belonged to the junior Dhawu Awn clan of the Banu Qatada. Ḥaydar, who was considered a liberal on good terms with the Committee of Union and Progress government, was infuriated.
In Istanbul, he served for many years as the ''naqib al-ashraf'', representative of the Hejazi clans. He served as Minister of Waqfs (charitable endowments) from January 1910 in the cabinet of Grand Vizier Ibrahim Hakki Pasha, but he resigned after some time and was replaced by Mustafa Hayri Bey. He also sat for a time in the Imperial Senate. In 1911 the President of the Senate Mehmed Said Pasha was appointed Grand Vizier. Vice-President of the Senate Ahmed Muhtar Pasha was appointed President and ‘Alī Ḥaydar was appointed Vice-President.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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